Ali bin Abi Thalib

'Ali bin Abi Thaib (599-661) was one of the first followers of Islam and also the family of the Prophet Muhammad. According to Sunni Islam, he was the last Caliph of the first four caliphs. While the Shi'ites believe that he is the Imam at the same time the first caliph chosen by the Prophet Muhammad. Interestingly though Sunnis do not recognize the concept of Imamat they agreed to call with the title of Imam Ali, so Ali was the only one who as well as Imam Caliph. Ali is a cousin of Muhammad, and after marrying Fatimah az-Zahra, he became in-law of Muhammad.

Shi'ites believe that Ali was the caliph who is entitled to replace the Prophet Muhammad, and he has been appointed by God's command in the Wadi Rabigh. Shiite Ali elevated position above the other Companions of the Prophet who, like Abu Bakr and Umar bin Khattab.

Shiite always add the name of Ali ibn Abi Talib with alayhi Salam (USA) or may Allah bestow safety and welfare.

Some Sunnis are those who become members of the Umayyad dynasty of Ali and his supporters look the same as the other Sahaba.

Sunni Ali's name added to the quoted anhu (RA) or may Allah bestow Rida (the likes of) it. This Supplement also the same as that given to other Sahaba.

Sufis add the name of Ali ibn Abi Talib with Karramallahu Wajhah (KW), or may God had his noble face. Sufis Prayer is very unique, based on history that he does not like to use her face to see bad things even less polite though. Evidenced in some of history that he does not like looking down when being intimate with his wife. While the other narrations mentioned in many a battle (duel-duel), when the clothes hit the enemy tear open the bottom of his sword, then Ali was reluctant to continue the duel until the enemy first fix his clothes.

Ali ibn Abi Talib is regarded by the Sufis as a priest in the science of wisdom (divine wisdom) and futuwwah (spiritual warriorship). He emerged from the branches of the Order (thoriqoh) or spiritual-Brotherhood. Almost all the founders of Sufi orders, are descended from him according to official records which they own nasab. As the congregation with its founder Qadiriyya Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani, who is a direct descendant of Ali through his son Hasan ibn Ali as listed in the book of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani manaqib (works of Shaykh Ja'far litany) and many other books.

Ali was born in Mecca, Hejaz region, Arabian Peninsula, on 13 Rajab. According to the historian, Ali were born 10 years before the commencement of prophethood of Muhammad, circa AD 599 or 600 (estimated). Shi'a Muslims believe that Ali was born in the Kaaba. Age of the Prophet Muhammad Ali is still disputed to this day, some 25-year history of different calls, there were different 27 years, some 30 years even 32 years.

His real name Haydar ibn Abu Talib, the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad. Haydar which means Lion is a family of Abu Talib hopes to have a successor who could be brave and respected figure among the Quraysh of Mecca.

After knowing the new-born cousin named Haydar, impressed the Prophet did not like, because it began to call with Ali, which means High (degrees on the side of God).

Ali was born from mothers who named Fatimah bint Asad, where Asad was the son of Hashim, making Ali, a descendant of Hashim of the father and mother.

Birth of Ali ibn Abi Talib much give entertainment to the Prophet SAW because he had no sons. Faqir aging and its family of Abu Talib, the Prophet gave a chance for his wife Khadija to take care of Ali and make foster son. It is also to repay to Abu Talib who had been caring for the Prophet since he was little until adulthood, so that childhood was shared with Muhammad Ali.

In the biographies of foreign (Western), Ali's relationship to the Prophet Muhammad is depicted as John the Baptist (Prophet Yahya) to Jesus (Prophet Isa). In Shi'i narrations and some Sunni history, this relationship is depicted like Aaron to Moses.

When the Prophet Muhammad received the revelation, long narrations such as Ibn Ishaq explains Ali was the first man who believed in the revelation to the second proficiency level in these or those who believe in the Prophet's wife Khadijah own. At this point Ali, aged around 10 years.

At the age of teenagers after the revelation down, Ali was much to learn directly from the Prophet SAW because as a foster child, the chance is always close to the prophet it is ongoing until she became the law of the Prophet. This has become evident for some of the Sufis that there are certain lessons of spiritual issues (spirituality in English or the Salaf would prefer the term 'Ehsan') or later is known as the Prophet taught Sufism special to him but not to the Pupil -The friends of the student or others.

Because if the science of the Shariah, or Islamic religious laws that govern both worship and community of all who accepted the Prophet must be communicated and taught to his people, while the spiritual problems can only be given to certain people with their respective capacities.

Education directly from the Prophet to Ali in all aspects of both aspects of Islamic science Zahir (exterior), or sharia, and inner (interior) or Sufism galvanize Ali became a young man who is very intelligent, brave and wise.

Ali was willing to sleep in the Prophet's room to fool the people of Quraysh who would thwart the Hijrah of the Prophet. He slept the sleep of the Prophet appeared impression so go early in the morning when they learned of Ali's sleep, had left a night journey by the Prophet who had escaped to Madinah with Abu Bakr.

After a period of pilgrimage and stayed in Medina, Ali married the Prophet with his beloved daughter Fatimah az-Zahra is much awaited youth. Prophet Ali weigh the most appropriate in many ways like a family nasab family (Bani Hashim), the first to believe the prophet Muhammad's (after Khadijah), which is always studying under the Prophet and many other things.

Battle of Badr

Some time after their marriage, burst the battle of Badr, the first battle in Islamic history. Ali here really is a hero in addition to Hamzah, the uncle of the Prophet. Number of Quraish of Mecca who was killed at the hands of Ali is still in dispute, but all agreed he was the star field in a very young age around 25 years.

Khandaq War

Khandak War also witnessed the real courage of Ali bin Abi Talib fought wud Amar, the son of Abdi. With one blow of his sword named dzulfikar, Amar bin Abdi wud split into two parts.

Khaibar War

After the agreement containing Hudaibiyah peace treaty between the Muslims with the Jews, betrayed the Jewish future agreement that the outbreak of war against the Jews who survived in the fort of Khaybar a very sturdy, usually called the battle of Khaybar. When the friends are not able to open the fort of Khaybar, the Prophet said:

"Tomorrow, will I handed the flag to someone who will not flee, he will attack again and again, and God will give victory to him. Allah and His Messenger love him and he loves Allah and His Messenger. "

So, all friends were dreaming to get the glory. However, it turns out that Ali ibn Abi Talib was honored and able to destroy the fort of Khaybar and successfully killed an enemy soldier who dared called Marhab and then cut them down with a single blow to split into two parts.

Almost all his battles except the battle of Tabuk follow because they represent the prophet Muhammad to keep the city of Medina.

After the Prophet's Death

Until here almost all parties agree on the history of Ali ibn Abi Talib, a difference of opinion started to appear when the Prophet Muhammad died. Shiites have argued there is a will (based on a history of Wadi Rabigh) that should be the Caliph Ali when the Prophet died. But the Sunnis do not agree, so that at the time of Ali and Fatima is still in the atmosphere of grief the people of Quraysh agreed to membaiat Abu Bakr.

The appointment of Abu Bakr as the Caliph of the Prophet's family disapproved Ahlul Baitdan followers. Some history of a different opinion bai'at development time of Ali ibn Abi Talib to the caliphate of Abu Bakr as successor of the Prophet. There are narrated after the Prophet was buried, there are a few days after that, it was found that a history of Ali to Abu Bakr bai'at after Fatima's death, namely six months after the death of the Prophet in order to prevent a split in the ummah

Some claimed that Ali was not worthy to bear the office of the Caliph as a young age, some are stating that the Caliphate and the prophecy should not be in the hands of the Bani Hashim.

Caliph

Assassination of Uthman ibn Affan Caliph crunch resulted in the entire Muslim world, who was already stretched to Persia and North Africa. Rebel, who was master of Medina has no other choice than to 'Ali ibn Abi Talib as the Caliph, Ali tried to deny that time, but bin Zubair bin Ubaidillah Talhah Awwam and forcing him, so that eventually they bai'at Ali received. Making only one Caliph Ali who dibai'at en masse, because the previous caliphs chosen through different ways.

As the 4th Caliph who ruled for about five years. His reign was inherited disorder that occurs when the government's previous Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan. For the first time a civil war between Muslims occurred during his reign, Jamal War. 20 000 30 000 US-led forces against the US-led forces' Ali ibn Zubair Awwam, Talhah bin Ubaidillah, and Umm al-Mu'minin Aisha bint Abu Bakr, the Prophet's widow. The war is won by the party of Ali.

Events Caliph Uthman ibn Affan killings which, according to various circles at that time can not be completed because the slander that are already widespread and has hinted (will happen) by the Prophet Muhammad when he was alive, and aggravated by the incitement, incitement of dissidents who have since the time of Uthman bin Affan, causing disunity among the Muslims that led to war. Not only finished there, prolonged conflicts occur until the end of his administration. Shiffin a debilitating war kekhalifannya also started from the problem.

Ali ibn Abi Talib, a person who has competence in the field of military and war strategy, had difficulty in the administration of the country because of the incredible mess left by the previous administration. He died at the age of 63 years for murder by the son Muljam Abdrrahman, someone who comes from the group Khawarij (dissidents) when mengimami dawn prayers in the mosque of Kufa, on the 19th of Ramadan, and Ali breathed his last on December 21st of Ramadan in 40 H. Ali was buried secretly in Najaf, there are even some history stating that he is buried elsewhere.

Ali has eight wives after the death of Fatimah az-Zahra and have an overall 36 children. Two sons of the famous, born of the Prophet Muhammad, Fatimah, Hasan and Husayn are.

Ali's descendants through Fatima known or Sayyid Sharif, who is an honorary degree in Arabic, means nobility and Seyyed Sharif means lord. As a direct descendant of Muhammad, they are revered by Sunnis and Shi'ites.

According to history, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib had 36 children comprising 18 boys and 18 girls. Until now, the descendants were still spread, and is known by Alawiyin or Alawiyah. Until now, the descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib Sayyid often dubbed.